My apologies to Primordial and my HeadBangers regarding the posting of their blog for this week.  I just noticed it wasn’t up WTAF.  Been working a lot and hit the wrong day to post.  It’s up now I’m really sorry guys.

• Week 206 – Lord of the Lost – Industrial Metal – Hamburg, Germany
• Week 205 – Mar 17 – Primordial – Metal – Dublin, Ireland
• Week 204 – Mar 10 – Ciemra – Black Metal – Belarus
• Week 203 – Mar 3 – Suotana – Melodic Death Metal – The Coldest Part of Finland
• Week 202 – Feb 24 – Lost Society – Thrash – Jyväskyla, Finland
• Week 201 – Feb 10 – Crypta – Death Metal – Brazil
• Week 200 – Feb 3 – Thyrfing – Swedish Viking Metal – Sweden
• Week 199 – Jan 27 – Methane Metal – Thrash Metal- Järfälla, Sweden
• Week 198 – Jan 20 – Disempath – Heavy Alternative Metal – New Jersey USA
• Week 197 –  Jan 13 – Krilloan – Power Metal – Ålmhult, Sweden
• Week 196 – Jan 6 – Silent Skies – Pop (with something more) – Sweden
• Week 195 – Dec 16 – VOLA – Progressive/Djent – Denmark
• Week 194 – Dec 9 – Cruachan – Folk/Celtic/Black Metal – Dublin, Ireland
• Week 193 – Dec 2 – Heidevolk – Folk/Pagan/Viking Metal – The Netherlands
• Week 192 – Nov 18 – Venom Prison – Death Metal – South Wales, UK
• Week 191 – Nov 11 – Nothing New In Heaven – French Melodic Death Metal – France
• Week 190 – Nov 4  – Dragonland – Symphonic/Power Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden 
• Week 189 – Oct 21 – Kallfront – Swedish Fucking Metal – The coldest part of Sweden
• Week 188 – Oct 14 – Mindistry – Industrial Thrash Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 187 – Oct 7  –  Bornholm – Hungarian Black/Pagan Metal – Hungary
• Week 186 – Sep 30 – Saltatio Mortis – Medieval Metal – Germany 
• Week 185 – Sep 9 – Evil Invaders – Metal/Thrash – Belgium
• Week 184 – Sept 2 – Sur Austru – Atmospheric Folk/Black Metal – Romania
• Week 183 – Aug 26 – POP EVIL – Hard Rock/Alternative Metal – Muskegon, Michigan
• Week 182 – Aug 18 (early, this is release date) – Kalmo –  Doom Metal – Kerava, Finland
• Week 181 – Aug 12 – TEOR – Post/Hardcore – Regensburg, Germany
• Week 180 – Aug 5 – Jericho Six – Rock – US
• Week 179 – July 22 – Bloodywood – Metal – India
• Week 178 – July 15 – Turmion Kätilöt – Industrial Metal – Kuopio, Finland
• Week 177 – July 8 –  ViadukT – Hard Rock – Gefle, Sweden
• Week 176 – June 24 – Until I Wake – Metalcore – Buffalo, New York
• Week 175 – June 17 – Archspire – Technical Death Metal – Vancouver, Canada
• Week 174 – June 10 – MONO INC – Gothic Rock – Hamburg, Germany
• Week 173 – June 3 – Battlecross – Thrash/Classic American Heavy Metal – Detroit, MI 
• Week 172 – May 27 – Baest – Classic Death Metal – Aarhus, Denmark
• Week 171 – May 20 – Darkest Oath – Symphonic Black Metal – Greece
• Week 170 – May 13 – The Halo Effect – Melodic Death/Heavy Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 169 – May 6 –  Kalmah –  Melodic Death/Power Metal, Oulu, Finland
• Week 168 – Apr 29 – Wind Rose – Power/Folk Metal – Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
• Week 167 – Apr 22 – Northlane – Metalcore – Sydney, Australia
• Week 166 – Apr 15 – 2 Shadows – Metalcore/Altmetal – Vancouver, Canada
• Week 165 – Apr 8  –  Bury Tomorrow – Metalcore – Southampton, England
• Week 164 – Apr 1  –  The Failsafe – Hard Rock – Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Week 163 – Mar 25 – Rhapsody of Fire – Symphonic Power Metal – Trieste, Italy
• Week 162 – Mar 18 – Diablo – Melodic Death Metal – Kalajoki, Finland
• Week 161 – Mar 11 – Evergrey – Progressive Power Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 160 – Mar 4  – Analepsy – Slamming Brutal Death Metal – Lisbon, Portugal
• Week 159 – Feb 25 – Insomnium – Melodic Death Metal – Joensuu, Finland
• Week 158 – Feb 18 – Shady Glimpse – Thrash – Shizuoka, Japan
• Week 157 – Feb 11 – Nailed To Obscurity – Melancholic Melodic Death Metal – Germany
• Week 156 – Feb 4 –  Beyond The Styx – Metallic Hardcore Metal – Tours, France
• Week 155 – Jan 28 – Mors Principium Est – Melodic Death Metal – Pori, Finland
• Week 154 – Jan 21 – Becoming – Inspirational Metal – San Jose, California
• Week 153 – Jan 14 – Affection – Modern Rock/Alternative Metal – Helsinki, Finland

• Week 152 – Jan 7 – Wythersake – Symphonic Black/Death Metal, Washington, DC
• Week 151 – Dec 31  – Wrap up of 2021
• Week 150 – Nov 12 – The Raven Age – Heavy Metal – London, England
• Week 149 – Nov 5 – Penny Billionaires – Hard Rock/Electronica – Phoenix, Arizona, USA
• Week 148 – Oct 29 – Blood Red Throne – Death Metal – Kristiansand, Norway
• Week 147 – Oct 22 – Shepherds Reign – Metal/Hard Rock – South Auckland, New Zealand
• Week 146 – Oct 15 – Shadow of Intent – Deathcore – Hartford, Connecticut
• Week 145 – Oct 8  –  Darzamat – Atmospheric Black Metal – Katowice, Poland
• Week 144 – Oct 1  –  Jungle Rot – Thrash/Death Metal – Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA
• Week 143 – Sep 24 – Lifechanger – Melodic Rock – Amsterdam, Netherlands
• Week 142 – Sep 17 – Testament – Thrash Metal – Berkeley, California
• Week 141 – Sep 10 – Bleed From Within – Heavy Metal – Glasgow, Scotland
• Week 140 – Sept 3  – At The Gates – Death Metal & More – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 139 – Aug 27 – The Soul Of Bushido – Thrash Metalcore – Lorraine, France
• Week 138 – Aug 20 – WoR – Aggressive Groove Metal – North Carolina, USA
• Week 137 – July 3 – Wolves In The Throne Room – Atmospheric Black Metal – Olympia, Washington
• Week 136 -June  26 – Deathbale – Postapocalyptic Viking Death Metal  – Germany
• Week 135 – June 19 – Repaid in Blood – Pure Fking Geek Metal Revisited – San Jose, Calif
• Week 134 –  June 5 – Wardruna – Dark Folk Metal – Bergen, Norway
• Week 133 – May 28 – Rotting Christ – Black Metal – Athens, Greece
• Week 132 – May 21 – Carmilla – Metal – Sverige, Sweden
• Week 131 – May 14 – Wake Up Frankie – Thrash/Rock/Metal – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 130 – May 7  – Disquiet – Melodic Death/Thrash – Utrecht, Netherlands
• Week 129 – Apr 30 – Thanatos – Extreme Thrash/Death Metal – Rotterdam, Netherlands
• Week 128 – Apr 23  – Arched Fire – Heavy Speed Metal – Lapland, Finland
• Week 127 – Apr 16 – The Haunted – Heavy/Melodic Death Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 126 – Apr 9 –  Updates 
• Week 125 – Apr 2  –  All Taken – Hard Rock with a little Grunge – Los Angeles, California
• Week 124 – Mar 26 – Aeon Of Awareness – Melodic Death Metal – Germany (Song Review)
• Week 124 – Mar 25 – Scythian Fate – Dark Prog Thrash – Sydney/Melbourne – Australia
• Week 124 – Mar 24 – Hate & Deceit – Danish Melodic Death Metal – Slagelse, Denmark
• Week 123 – Mar 21 – Beyond the Pale – Dutch Metal – Utrecht, Netherlands
• Week 122 – Mar 12 – Thy Kingdom Will Burn – Melodic Death Metal – Kouvola, Suomi
• Week 121 – Mar 5 –  H.E.A.T. –  Hard Rock/Heavy Metal – Uppsland Väsby, Sweden              
• Week 120 – Feb 26 – Temple Balls – Hard Rock – Finland
• Week 119 – Feb 19 – Aeon of Awareness – Melodic Death Metal – Germany
• Week 118 – Feb 12 – Vreid – Black Metal / Black n Roll – Sogndal, Norway
• Week 117 – Feb 5 – Artilharia – Heavy/Melodic/Speed/Thrash Metal – Brazil
• Week 116 – Jan 29 – This week was for Alexi, COB, Rip my dear HeadBanger
• Week 115 – Jan 22 – Paradise Lost – Death/Doom/Gothic Metal – Halifax, West Yorkshire
• Week 114 – Jan 15 – Wintersun – Power/Folk/Melodic Death Metal – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 113 – Jan 1 – Dark Tranquillity – Melodic Death Metal – Gothenburg, Sweden
• Week 112 – Dec 25 – SepticFlesh – Greek Symphonic Metal – Athens, Greece
• Week 111 – Dec 18 – Die From Sorrow – Melodic Death Metal – Beijing, China
• Week 110 – Dec 11 – Fireproven – Progressive Metal – Finland
• Week 109 – Dec 4 – Wolfheart – Winter Metal – Myrskylä, Finland
• Week 108 – Nov 27 – Angelus Apatrida – Thrash – Albacete, Spain
• Week 107 – Nov 20 – Gojira – Heavy Metal – Bayonne, France
• Week 106 – Nov 13 – Enslaved – Prog/Black/Viking Metal – Sveio, Norway
• Week 105 – Nov 6 –  Like A Storm – Metal – Auckland, New Zealand
• Week 104 – Oct 30 – Firewind – Power/Heavy Metal – Thessaloniki, Greece
• Week 103 – Oct 23 – Shiraz Lane – Rock – Vantaa, Finland
• Week 102 – Oct 16 – The Agonist – Metal – Montreal, Canada
• Week 101 – Oct 9 – Butcher Babies – Heavy Metal – Los Angeles, CA
• Week 100 – Oct 3 – BaYaT – Alternative Rock – Novi Sad, Serbia 
• Week 98 –  Sept 25 – Dirt – Rock – Heksinki, Finland
• Week 98 –  Sept 18 – Unearth – MetalCore – Boston, Massachusetts
• Week 97 –  Sept 11 – Stratovarius – Power Metal – Finland
• Week 96 –  Sept 4 – SynlakrosS – Mel Death Metal – Valencia, Spain
• Week 95 – Aug 28 – Striker – New Wave Heavy Metal , Canada
• Week 94 – Aug 21 – Turisas – Metal –  Hämeenlinna, Finland
• Week 93 – Aug 14 – Tyr – Metal – Faroe Islands (Part of Denmark)
• Week 92 – Aug 7 –  After Release of EP – Interview with WuF, Kasperi Merilainen
• Week 91 – July 24 – Review of EP – Wake Up Frankie – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 90 – July 17 –  SPECIAL ON THRASH METAL BANDS
• Week 89 – July 13 – SPECIAL ON MELODIC DEATH METAL BANDS
• Week 88 – July 10 –  Hinayana Band – Melodic Death/Doom – Austin, Texas
• Week 87 –  July 3 –   Viikate – Rock/Metal – Kouvola, Finland
• Week 86 – June 26 – Lumberhead – Metal – Leipzig, Saxony (Germany)
• Week 85 – June 19 – Nidhoeggr – Pagan Death Metal – Bern, Switzerland
• Week 84 – June 12 – Aetherian – Dark Melodic Death Metal – Athens, Greece
• Week 83 – June 5 – Frosttide – Epic Dark Folk Metal – Jyväskylä, Finland
• Week 82 – May 29 – Amthrya – Advantgarde Death Black Metal – Italy
• Week 81 – May 22 – Suicidal Angels – Trash – Athens, Greece
• Week 80 – May 15 – Heart of Jordan – Alter Metal – Lansing, Michigan
• Week 79 – May 8 – Parasite, Inc. – Melodic Death Metal – Aalen, Germany
• Week 78 – May 1 – Wake Up Frankie – Grove/Trash/Rock – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 77 – Apr 24 – Abbath – Black Metal – Bergen, Norway
• Week 76 – Apr 17 – Entombed – Dark/Rock Death/Metal – Stockholm, Sweden
• Week 75 – Apr 10 – Cruish-Nir – Gothic/Doom – Romania
• Week 74 – Apr 3 – [Amatory] – MetalCore – St. Petersburg, Russia
• Week 73 – Mar 27 – Njord – Viking Rock – Sandviken, Sweden
• Week 72 – Mar 20 – Mystic Prophecy – Metal – Dortmund, Germany
• Week 71 – Mar 13 – Astralborne  – Melodic Death Metal – Toledo, Ohio
• Week 70 – Mar 6 –  Shakra – HardRock/Metal – Trub, Switzerland
• Week 69 – Feb 28 –  The Browning – Metal – Kansas City, Missouri
• Week 68 – Feb 21 –  Tempting Fate – Hard Rock/Metal – Los Angeles, California
• Week 67 – Feb 14 –  Dynazty – Hard Rock/Metal – Stockholm, Sweden
• Week 66 – Feb 7  –  Dreyelands – Melodic Progressive Metal – Budapest, Hungary
• Week 65 – Jan 31 – HoundWolf – Heavy Metal – Witten, Germany
• Week 64 – Jan 24 – Shadecrown – Melodic Death/Doom/Thrash Metal – Finland
• Week 63 – Jan 17 – Sea of Treachery – Heavy Metal – Cincinnati, OH
• Week 62 – Dec 21 – Immersed in Darkness – Black Metal – Brownsville, Texas
• Week 61 – Dec 14 – Skälmöld – Metal – Reykjavík, Iceland
• Week 60 – Dec 7  –  The Local Band – Rock – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 59 – Nov 30 – Re-Armed – Melodic Death/Thrash Metal – Kerava, Finland
• Week 58 – Nov 23 – Ashen Crown – Metal – West Midlands, UK
• Week 57 – Nov 16 – FEJD –  Swedish Folk – Trollhattan, Sweden
• Week 56 – Nov 9 – Forever Still – Hard Rock/Metal – Copenhagen, Denmark – This is where it all started.  ONE YEAR AGO, THEY WERE THE FIRST LET’S REVISIT
• Week 55 – Nov 2  –  Krigere Wolf – Black Death Metal – Catania, Sicily
• Week 54 – Oct 26 – Aephanemer – Melodic Death Metal – Toulouse, France
• Week 53 – Oct 19 – Infected Rain – Nu Metal/Nu Metalcore – Chișinău, Moldova
• Week 52 – Oct 12 – The Veer Union – Hard Rock/NuMetal – Vancouver, BC
• Week 51 – Oct 5 – Ligature Marks – Metal – Portland, Oregon
• Week 50 – Sept 28 – AEolian – Metal – Palma, Spain
• Week 49 – Sept 21 – Smorrah – Thrash/Death Metal – Gelsenkirchen, Germany
• Week 48 – Sept 14 – Beyond the Styx – Hardcore Metal – Tours, France
• Week 47 – Sept 7 – Brackish Tide –  Metal – Somerset County, MD
• Week 46 –  August 31 – Kryptos – Old School Heavy Metal – Bangalore, India
• Week 45 – August 24 – Spyder Volt – Alternative Rock – Laredo, Texas
• Week 44 –  August 17 – Descent of The ArchAngel – Underground Metalcore – US
• Week 43 –  August 10 – Dark Messiah – Heavy Metal – Winnipeg, Canada
• Week 42 –   August 3 – Arcsin -Modern Melodic Progressive Metal – Miami, FL 
• Week 41 –  July 27 –  Methane Metal – Southern Thrash Metal – Sweden/Jersey
• Week 40 –  July 20 –  Bloodred Hourglass – Melodic Death/Thrash – Mikkeli, FI
• Week 39 –  July 13 –  Atarka – Metal – Birmingham, UK. 
• Week 38 –  July 6   –  Silverbullet Band – Symp Heavy Metal – Riihimaki, Suomi
• Week 37 –  June 29 –  Hammer Down Hard – New Age Hard Rock/Metal
• Week 36 – June 22 –  Syth Glasgow – Old School Metal – Glasgow, Scotland
• Week 35 –  June 15  – Virtues – Metalcore – Brisbane, Australia
• Week 34 –  June 8  –  Vovkulaka  – Dark Angry Evil Metal – Odessa, Ukraine
• Week 33 –  June 1  –  Executioner  – Hardcore Thrash – San Antonio, Texas
• Week 32 – May 25 – Night Shadow – Power/Speed Metal – San Diego, California
• Week 31 – May 18 – Primitive Machine – Rock, Dublin City, Ireland
• Week 30 – May 11 – Daggerplay – Punk, R&R, Power Pop, Helsinki, Finland
• Week 29 – May 4 –  Kalmo – Finnish Doom Metal – Kerava, Finland
• Week 28 – April 27 – Repaid in Blood – Pure Fucking Geek Metal – San Jose, CA     

• Week 27 – April 20 – Arch Enemy – Melodic Death Metal – Halmstad, Sweden 
• Week 26 – April 13 – Falling Into Red – Hard Alter Rock – Pittsburg, PA
• Week 25 – April 6 – Tulsadoom – Evil Barbaric Heavy Thrash – Vienna, Austria 
• Week 24 – March 30 – Dream Troll – Old School Rock – Leeds, England
• Week 23 – March 23 – The 69 Eyes – Goth & Roll – Helsinki Finland
• Week 22 – March 16 – Ghost Season – Alternative Metal – Athens, Greece
• Week 21 – March 9 – Vane – Pirate Melodeath Metal – Poland
• Week 20 – March 2 – Ravenscroft – Rock – Orange, California
• Week 19 – Feb 23 –  Love Machine – Heavy Rock – Milano, Italy
• Week 18 – Feb 16 – Children of Bodom – Melodic Death Metal – Espoo, Finland
• Week 17 – Feb 9 – 10 Gauge – Hard Rock – England, UK
• Week 16 – Feb 2 – Everlit – Hard Rock – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Week 15 – Jan 26 – Victim of Illusion – Progressive Rock – Turin, Italy
• Week 14 – Jan 19 – September Sky – Alternative Metal – Indianapolis, Indiana
• Week 13 – Jan 12 – The Edge of Reason – Post Hardcore – Regensburg, Germany
• Week 12 – January 1, 2019 New Years Day – The HU BAND – MONGOLIA
• Week 11 – Dec 29 – Apocalyptica – Rock/Metal – Helsinki, Finland
• Week 10 – Dec 22 – Hidden Scars – Prog/Indus Metal – Las Vegas, Nevada
• Week  9 –  Dec 15 – In Hell – Black Death Metal – Lille, France
• Week  8 –  Dec 08 – Fireproven – Prog Death Metal – Tampere, Finland
• Week  7 – Nov 30 – Amon Amarth – Death Metal – Tumba, Sweden
• Week  6 – Nov 23 – Chernobyls Uterus – Grindcore Metal – Pripyat, Ukraine
• Week  5 – Nov 17 – Five Finger Death Punch – Metal – Las Vegas, Nevada
• Week  4 – Nov 10 – Universal Theory – Gothic Metal – Madrid, Spain
• Week  3 – Nov 03 – Mawcore – Hard Rock/Metal – Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
• Week  2 – Oct 27 – Sin7 Band – Heavy Metal – Minneapolis, Minnesota
• Week  1 – Oct 20 – Forever Still – Hard Rock/Metal – Copenhagen, Denmark

 

My Headbangers today is St. Patrick’s Day so I thought let’s hit Dublin for a band and boy did I find one, please welcome

PRIMORDIAL

“To Hell of the Hangman”

“Wield Lightning to Split the Sun”

“Bloodied Yet Unbowed”

This is a direct quote from the bands website:

We are Primordial. Irish metal band since 1991. About to release our ninth album ‘Exile Amongst The Ruins’ via Metal Blade records worldwide. No compromise, not then, not now, not ever. 

Total badasses my HeadBangers, that’s how I live my life.  You have to be strong to live this way.

Let’s look at some bio on these Irish HeadBangers:

 From Skerries, County Dublin. The band was formed in 1993 by bassist Pól MacAmhlaigh and guitarist Ciarán MacUiliam. Their sound blends black metal and doom metal with Celtic music.  

The band’s roots stretch back to 1987 when Pól and Ciarán first began playing together with Pól’s brother, Derek. The band (who were called Forsaken for a brief period) initially played a rough, hybrid mix of early, primitive thrash and death metal (playing covers of Death, Sepultura and the like).

Vocalist Nemtheanga joined the band after seeing an advertisement for a singer in Dublin specialist metal store The Sound Cellar in 1991.  According to Primordial lore, the ad was pasted over no more than 2 hours after it being put up.  Upon Nemtheanga’s joining the band, the band started to pursue a darker direction citing influence from Bathory, Celtic Frost and the emerging Greek and Norwegian black metal scenes.

Primordial was the first black metal styled band to emerge from Ireland with the release of their Dark Romanticism demo in the early summer of 1993 (Cruachan were also active at this time combining black metal with folk music). The band initially came to the attention of Lee Barrett from the UK label Candlelight Records but he failed to move on signing the band, so after a live soundboard recording  from Dublin from 1994 was sent to Cacophonous Records, the band signed with them for the release of their debut album Imrama.

Their debut album, Imrama, was characteristic as being in a more melodic black metal musical direction, they gradually came to refine their sound with A Journey’s End, which included the use of mandolins and whistles and a more epic style. The two subsequent releases, The Burning Season and Spirit the Earth Aflame, showed the band’s reflection of cultural geist and emotion, woven into an amalgam of black, Celtic and folk metal musical styles. They have toured with various metal bands in the extreme metal genre, including Norwegian black metal band Immortal.

They released their dark fourth studio album Storm Before Calm in 2002, but the band’s fifth album The Gathering Wilderness turned out to be a much darker and bleaker record than any Primordial had made before, providing the listener with a rawer sound as well. It was chosen as album of the month in  Terrorizer magazine and appeared in many top lists of the year 2005.

In January 2006, the band played their first US show alongside Thyrfing and Moonsorrow at the Heathen Crusade metalfest in Columbia Heights, Minnesota.

The band’s sixth album, To the Nameless Dead, was released on November 16, 2007 with universal praise for its raw sound used from the first or second recordings. In November and December 2010, the band entered Foel Studio in Wales to work with producer Chris Fielding once again. The resulting album, Redemption at the Puritan’s Hand, was released via Metal Blade on April 22, 2011. In July 2014, Primordial announced their eighth studio album under the working title Where Greater Men Have Fallen. It was released  November 25, 2014 in the US and  November 24 elsewhere.   On April 18, 2018, their ninth studio album Exile Amongst the Ruins was released.

Let’s meet the band:

A.A. Nemtheanga – vocals
P. MacAmlaigh – bass
C. MacUiliam – guitars
M. O’Floinn – guitars
S. O’Laoghaire – drums

My Thoughts:

First my HeadBangers HAPPY SAINT PATRICK’S DAY to all.  I have overloaded you with 4 bands from Ireland this week, and I hope you like all of them as much as I do.  Primordial lives life the way it should be lived and I love that about them.  It takes a lot to live it this way in the world right now.  We are all surrounded by the insanity that is forced on us on a daily basis.  Stay strong, live by your word and keep it metal and you will make it, trust me I know first hand.

That’s it for this week my HeadBangers.  Join me next week for another band and another song.  Something special for next week.  In the meantime don’t stand to close to the fire if you can’t handle the burn…

My HeadBangers since Friday is St. Patrick’s day, I think we should dedicate this whole week to the bands in Ireland.  So let’s get to it…

This is the band Waylander,  they are an Irish Pagan Metal Band, let’s here it…

Here we have Mael Mórdha an Irish  doom metal band:

“King Of The English”

Here we have some Black Metal from:

VALAIS

This is some really black dark metal.  Just as every country has every genre in it, there is always something for every Headbanger to dig.  I hope this keeps you going till Friday.   See you then for Primordial.  Have a great rest of you week and stay metal guys.